Determining operational status of a mobile device capable of executing server-side applications

ABSTRACT

To determine the operational status of a wireless communication device capable of executing server-side applications, a message is sent to the device requesting operational status of the device. The message may be may be triggered by a system administrator at a middleware server. The wireless communication device may receive the message, compose a response message indicative of the operational status of the device, and send the response message back to the middleware server. The messages may be extensible markup language (XML) messages. Composition of the response message may entail verifying that a textual operational status description forming part of the response message omits illegal XML characters, e.g., by passing the description through an XML formatter for removal of any illegal XML characters.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/537,705,filed Jun. 3, 2005, which is the national stage of InternationalApplication No. PCT/CA2005/000241, filed Feb. 22, 2005, the contents ofeach of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

COPYRIGHT NOTICE

A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains materialwhich is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has noobjection to the facsimile reproduction by any one of the patentdocument or patent disclosure, as it appears in a Patent Office patentfile or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to software, devices and methods fordetermining the operational status of a mobile device capable ofexecuting server-side applications.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Wireless connectivity is a feature of the modern telecommunicationsenvironment. An increasing range of people are using a wide variety ofwireless data networks to access corporate data applications.

However, there are numerous competing mobile devices (i.e. wirelesscomputing devices) that can be used to achieve this. Each device has itsown operating system and its own display characteristics. Operatingsystems are not mutually compatible, nor are the displaycharacteristics—some are color, some are black and white, some aretext-only, and some are pictorial.

At the same time, an increasing number of mobile device users are peoplewithout a technical background or high level of educational achievement.Such people are often intimidated by the need to run complexinstallation programs. Furthermore, at present, such installationprograms generally depend on cable connections to a personal computer bythe means of a ‘cradle’ or other such device.

U.S. Patent Publication No. US 2003/0060896, which is herebyincorporated by reference hereinto, discloses a mechanism allowingserver-side applications to be presented at multiple wireless deviceswith minimal modification of the application at the server. Asdisclosed, the manner in which an application is presented at a mobiledevice is defined by a text based application definition file. Thedefinition file describes how an application is to be presented atmobile device; the format of transactions over the wireless network; anda format of data related to the application to be stored at the mobiledevice. A virtual machine software component at the mobile deviceinterprets the definition file and presents an interface to theapplication in accordance with the definition file. Conveniently, theapplication definition file may be independent of the particular type ofmobile device, while virtual machine software components specific to themobile device may be created.

The disclosed mechanism, while flexible, may have certain shortcomings.For example, in the event that an error occurs which interferes withnormal application operation at the mobile device, which may manifestitself in the display of erroneous information at the mobile device orin the failure of the device to respond to stimuli, it may be difficultto ascertain whether the error is caused by the virtual machine softwarebeing used at the mobile device, a problem relating to the hardware atthe mobile device (e.g. limited battery power or exhaustion of memory),or other problems. The user cannot not be relied upon to take steps todiagnose the problem at the mobile device because the user may lack thenecessary technical expertise and because normal interaction with thedevice may be impossible.

Alternatively, it may simply be desirable to periodically assess thestatus of all or some of the mobile devices which are executingserver-side applications, regardless of whether they are currentlyexperiencing errors, e.g. in order to compile a list of which errors (ifany) have occurred most recently or most frequently at the mobiledevices, to determine how the mobile devices are being used, or forother purposes.

A solution addressing at least some of the above-noted shortcomingswould be desirable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To determine the operational status of a wireless communication devicecapable of executing server-side applications, a message is sent to thedevice requesting operational status of the device. The message may bemay be triggered by a system administrator at a middleware server. Thewireless communication device may receive the message, compose aresponse message indicative of the operational status of the device, andsend the response message back to the middleware server. The messagesmay be extensible markup language (XML) messages. Composition of theresponse message may entail verifying that a textual operational statusdescription forming part of the response message omits illegal XMLcharacters, e.g., by passing the description through an XML formatterfor removal of any illegal XML characters.

In one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method ofdetermining operational status of a wireless communication devicecapable of executing server-side applications, the method comprising:sending a message to said wireless communication device capable ofexecuting server-side applications requesting operational status of thedevice; and receiving a response message from said wirelesscommunication device indicative of the operational status of the device.

In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a methodof providing the operational status of a wireless communication devicecapable of executing server-side applications, the method comprising:receiving a message at said wireless communication device capable ofexecuting server-side applications requesting operational status of thedevice, said receiving resulting in a received message; composing aresponse message from said wireless communication device indicative ofthe operational status of the device; and sending said response messagefrom said wireless communication device to an originator of saidreceived message.

In a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a servercomprising a processor and memory in communication with said processorstoring machine-executable code adapting said server to: send a messageto said wireless communication device capable of executing server-sideapplications requesting operational status of the device; and receive aresponse message from said wireless communication device indicative ofthe operational status of the device.

In a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided awireless communication device comprising a processor and memory incommunication with said processor storing machine-executable codeadapting said device to: receive a message at said wirelesscommunication device capable of executing server-side applicationsrequesting operational status of the device, said receiving resulting ina received message; compose a response message from said wirelesscommunication device indicative of the operational status of the device;and send said response message from said wireless communication deviceto an originator of said received message.

Other aspects and features of the present invention will become apparentto those of ordinary skill in the art upon review of the followingdescription of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction withthe accompanying figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the figures which illustrate by way of example only, embodiments ofthe present invention,

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a mobile device, exemplary of anembodiment of the present invention, including virtual machine software,further exemplary of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 further illustrates the organization of exemplary virtual machinesoftware at the mobile device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 illustrates an operating environment for the device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 illustrates the structure of example application definitionsstored at a server of FIG. 2 used by the device of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 schematically illustrates the formation of application definitionfiles at a middleware server of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 schematically illustrates the middleware server of FIG. 2,exemplary of an embodiment of the present invention, including anapplication definitions database, further exemplary of an embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating the exchange of sample messagespassed between a mobile device, middleware server and application serverof FIG. 2;

FIGS. 8-11 illustrate steps performed at a mobile device under controlof virtual machine software of FIG. 2;

FIG. 12 illustrates the format of messages exchanged in the message flowof FIG. 7;

FIG. 13 illustrates the format of a simple ping message which may besent to a mobile device by a middleware server;

FIG. 14 illustrates the format of a response to a simple ping messagewhich may be sent by a mobile device to a middleware server;

FIG. 15 illustrates the format of a device statistics ping message whichmay be sent to a mobile device by a middleware server;

FIG. 16 illustrates the format of a response to a device statistics pingmessage which may be sent by a mobile device to a middleware server;

FIGS. 17A-17PPP contain Appendix “A” detailing example eXtensible MarkupLanguage (XML) entities understood by the virtual machine software ofthe mobile device of FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates a mobile device 10, exemplary of an embodiment of thepresent invention. Mobile device 10 may be any conventional mobiledevice, modified to function in manners exemplary of the presentinvention. As such, mobile device 10 includes a processor 12, incommunication with a network interface 14, storage memory 16, and a userinterface 18 typically including a keypad and/or touch-screen. Networkinterface 14 enables device 10 to transmit and receive data over awireless network 22. Mobile device 10 may be, for example, be a Researchin Motion (RIM) two-way paging device, a WinCE based device, a PalmOSdevice, a WAP enabled mobile telephone, or the like. Memory 16 of device10 stores a mobile operating system such as the PalmOS, or WinCEoperating system software 20. Operating system software 20 typicallyincludes graphical user interface and network interface software havingsuitable application programmer interfaces (“API”s) for use by otherapplications executing at device 10.

Memory at device 10 further stores virtual machine software 24,exemplary of an embodiment of the present invention. Virtual machinesoftware 24, when executed by mobile device 10, enables device 10 topresent an interface for server side applications provided by amiddleware server, described below. Specifically, virtual machinesoftware 24 interprets a text application definition file defining auser interface 18 controlling application functionality, and the displayformat (including display flow) at device 10 for a particularserver-side application; the format of data to be exchanged over thewireless network for the application; and the format of data to bestored locally at device 10 for the application. Virtual machinesoftware 24 uses operating system 20 and associated APIs to interactwith device 10, in accordance with the received application definitionfile. In this way, device 10 may present interfaces for a variety ofapplications, stored at a server. From the perspective of operatingsystem 20, virtual machine software 24 is viewed as another applicationresident at device 10. Moreover, multiple wireless devices each having asimilar virtual machine software 24 may use a common server sideapplication in combination with an application definition, to present auser interface and program flow specifically adapted for the device.

As such, and as will become apparent, the exemplary virtual machinesoftware 24 is specifically adapted to work with the particular mobiledevice 10. Thus if device 10 is a RIM Blackberry device, virtual machinesoftware 24 is a RIM virtual machine. Similarly, if device 10 is aPalmOS or WinCE device, virtual machine software 24 would be a PalmOS ora WinCE virtual machine. As further illustrated in FIG. 1, virtualmachine software 24 is capable of accessing local storage 26 at device10.

As detailed below, an exemplary application definition file may beformed using a mark-up language, like XML. In accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, defined XML entities are understoodby the virtual machine software 24. Defined XML entities are detailed inAppendix “A” hereto (the AIRIX Markup Language (ARML) Specification) andAppendix “A” of U.S. Patent Publication No. 2003/0060896. ARML is an XMLmarkup language used in the present embodiment. The defined XML entitiesare interpreted by the virtual machine software 24, and may be used asbuilding blocks to present server-side applications at mobile device 10,as detailed herein.

Specifically, as illustrated in FIG. 2, virtual machine software 24includes a conventional XML parser 61; an event handler 65; a screengeneration engine 67; and object classes 69 corresponding to XMLentities supported by the virtual machine software 24, and possiblycontained within an application definition file 28. Supported XMLentities are detailed in Appendix “A” hereto. A person of ordinary skillwill readily appreciate that those XML entities identified in Appendix“A” are exemplary only, and may be extended, or shortened as desired.

XML parser 61 may be formed in accordance with the Document ObjectModel, or DOM, available at www.w3.org/DOM/ and being incorporated byreference hereinto. Parser 61 enables virtual machine software 24 toread an application definition file. Using the parser, the virtualmachine software 24 may form a binary representation of the applicationdefinition file for storage at the mobile device, thereby eliminatingthe need to parse text each time an application is used. Parser 61 mayconvert each XML tag contained in the application definition file, andits associated data to tokens, for later processing. As will becomeapparent, this may avoid the need to repeatedly parse the text of anapplication definition file.

Screen generation engine 67 displays initial and subsequent screens atthe mobile device, in accordance with an application definition 28, asdetailed below.

Event handler 65, of virtual machine software 24 allows device 10 undercontrol of virtual machine software 24 to react to certain externalevents. Example events include user interaction with presented screensor display elements, incoming messages received from a wireless network,or the like.

Object classes 69 also form part of virtual machine 24 and defineobjects that allow device 10 to process each of the supported XMLentities at the mobile device. Each of object classes 69 includesattributes used to store parameters defined by the XML file, andfunctions allowing the XML entity to be processed at the mobile device,as detailed in Appendix “A”, for each supported XML entity. So, asshould be apparent, supported XML entities are extensible. Virtualmachine software 24 may be expanded to support XML entities not detailedin Appendix “A”. Corresponding object classes could be added to virtualmachine software 24.

As detailed below, upon invocation of a particular application at mobiledevice 10, the virtual machine software 24 presents an initial screenbased on the contents of the application definition 28 for theapplication. Screen elements are created by screen generation engine 67by creating instances of corresponding object classes for definedelements, as contained within object classes 69. The object instancesare created using attributes contained in the application definitionfile 28. Thereafter the event handler 65 of the virtual machine software24 reacts to events for the application. Again, the event handlerconsults the contents of the application definition file for theapplication in order to properly react to events. Events may be reactedto by creating instances of associated “action” objects, from objectclasses 69 of virtual machine software 24.

Similarly, object classes 69 of virtual machine software 24 furtherinclude object classes corresponding to data tables and networktransactions defined in the Table Definition and Package Definitionsections of Appendix “A”. At run time, instances of object classescorresponding to these classes are created and populated with parameterscontained within application definition file, as required.

Using this general description, persons of ordinary skill in the artwill be able to form virtual machine software 24 for any particulardevice. Typically, virtual machine software 24 may be formed usingconventional object oriented programming techniques, and existing devicelibraries and APIs, as to function as detailed herein. As will beappreciated, the particular format of screen generation engine 67,object classes 69 will vary depending on the type of virtual machinesoftware, its operating system and API available at the device. Onceformed, a machine executable version of virtual machine software 24 maybe loaded and stored at a mobile device, using conventional techniques.It can be embedded in ROM, loaded into RAM over a network, or from acomputer readable medium.

Although, in the preferred embodiment the virtual machine software 24and software forming object classes 29 are formed using object orientedstructures, persons of ordinary skill will readily appreciate that otherapproaches could be used to form suitable virtual machine software. Forexample, object classes 69 forming part of the virtual machine could bereplaced by equivalent functions, data structures or subroutines formedusing a conventional (i.e. non-object oriented) programming environment.Operation of virtual machine software 24 under control of an applicationdefinition containing various XML definitions exemplified in Appendix“A” is further detailed below.

FIG. 3 illustrates the operating environment for a mobile device 10.Further example mobile devices 30, 32 and 34 are also illustrated inFIG. 3. These mobile devices 30, 32 and 34 are similar to device 10 andalso store and execute virtual machine software exemplary of anembodiment of the present invention.

Virtual machine software like that stored at device 10, executes on eachmobile device 10, 30, 32, 34, and communicates with a middleware server44 by way of example wireless networks 36 and 38 and network gateways 40and 42. Example gateways 40 and 42 are generally available as a servicefor those people wishing to have data access to wireless networks.Wireless networks 36 and 38 are further connected to one or morecomputer data networks, such as the Internet and/or private datanetworks by way of gateway 40 or 42. As will be appreciated, theinvention may work with many types of wireless networks. Middlewareserver 44 is in turn in communication with a data network, that is incommunication with wireless network 36 and 38. The communication usedfor such communication is via TCP/IP over an HTTP transport. As could beappreciated, other network protocols such as X.25 or SNA could equallybe used for this purpose.

At least three categories of communication between middleware server 44and mobile devices 10, 30, 32 and 34 exist. First, virtual machinesoftware 24 at each device may query middleware server 44 for a list ofapplications that a user of an associated mobile device 10, 30, 32 or 34can make use of. If a user decides to use a particular application,device 10, 30, 32 or 34 can download a text description, in the form ofan application definition file, for the application from the middlewareserver 44 over its wireless interface. As noted, the text description ispreferably formatted using XML. Second, virtual machine software 24 maysend, receive, present, and locally store data related to the executionof applications, or its own internal operations. The format of exchangeddata for each application is defined by an associated applicationdefinition file. Again, the exchanged data is formatted using XML, inaccordance with the application definition file. Third, middlewareserver 44 may query a mobile device as to its operational status, eitherfor purposes of diagnosing a reported problem at the device or simply tocollect mobile device operational status statistics. As will becomeapparent, it is the third category of communication which is the focusof the present application.

Middleware server 44 stores text application definition files for thoseapplications that have been enabled to work with the various devices 10,30, 32, and 34 using virtual machine software 24 in a pre-defined formatunderstood by virtual machine software 24. Software providing thefunctions of the middleware server 44, in the exemplary embodiment iswritten in C#, using SQL Server or MySQL database.

As noted, text files defining application definitions and data may beformatted in XML. For example XML version 1.0, detailed in the XMLversion 1.0 specification third edition and available atwww.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xml-20040404, may be used. However, as will beappreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art, the functionality ofstoring XML description files is not dependent on the use of any givenprogramming language or database system.

Each application definition file is formatted according to defined rulesand uses pre-determined XML mark-up tags known by both virtual machinesoftware 24, and complementary middleware server software 68. That is,each application definition file 26 is an XML data instance file whichconforms to a predefined XML schema designed to support the execution ofserver-side applications at various types of mobile devices. Tags defineXML entities used as building blocks to present an application at amobile device. Knowledge of these rules, and an understanding of howeach tag and section of text should be interpreted, allows virtualmachine software 24 to process an XML application definition andthereafter execute an application, as described below. Virtual machinesoftware 24 effectively acts as an interpreter for a given applicationdefinition file.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example format for an XML application definitionfile 28. As illustrated, the example application definition file 28 fora given device and application includes three components: a userinterface definition section 48, specific to the user interface for thedevice 10, which defines the format of screen or screens for theapplication and how the user interacts with them and containsapplication flow control events and actions; a network transactionsdefinition section 50 defining the format of data to be exchanged withthe application; and a local data definition section 52 defining theformat of data to be stored locally on the mobile device by theapplication.

Defined XML mark-up tags correspond to XML entities supported at adevice, and are used to create an application definition file 28. Thedefined tags may broadly be classified into three categories,corresponding to the three sections 48, 50 and 52 of an applicationdefinition file 28.

Example XML tags and their corresponding significance are detailed inAppendix “A”. As noted above, virtual machine software 24 at a mobiledevice includes object classes corresponding to each of the XML tags. Atrun time, instances of the objects are created as required.

Broadly, the following list includes example XML tags (i.e. XMLelements) which may be used to define the user interface definition:

-   -   SCREEN—this defines a screen. A SCREEN tag pair contains the        definitions of the user interface elements (buttons, radio        buttons, and the like) and the events associated with the screen        and its elements    -   BUTTON—this tag defines a button and its associated attributes    -   LIST—this tag defines a list box    -   CHOICEBOX—this tag defines a choice item, that allows selection        of a value from predefined list    -   MENU—the application developer will use this tag to define a        menu for a given screen    -   EDITBOX—this tag defines an edit box    -   TEXT ITEM—this tag describes a text label that is displayed    -   CHECKBOX—this tag describes a checkbox    -   HELP—this tag can define a help topic that is used by another        element on the screen    -   IMAGE—this tag describes an image that appears on those displays        that support images    -   ICON—this tag describes an icon    -   EVENT—this defines an event to be processed by the virtual        machine software. Events can be defined against the application        as a whole, individual screens or individual items on a given        screen. Sample events would be receipt of data over the wireless        interface, or a edit of text in an edit box    -   ACTION—this describes a particular action that might be        associated with an event handler. Sample actions would be        navigating to a new window or displaying a message box.

The second category of example XML tags describes the networktransaction section 50 of application definition 28. These may includethe following example XML tags:

-   -   TABLEUPDATE—using this tag, the application developer can define        an update that is performed to a table in the device's local        storage. Attributes allow the update to be performed against        multiple rows in a given table at once;    -   PACKAGEFIELD—this tag is used to define a field in a data        package that passes over the wireless interface

The third category of XML tags used to describe an application are thoseused to define a logical database that may be stored at the mobiledevice. The tags available that may be used in this section are:

-   -   TABLE—this tag, and its attributes, define a table. Contained        within a pair of TABLE tags are definitions of the fields        contained in that table. The attributes of a table control such        standard relational database functions as the primary key for        the table.    -   FIELD—this tag describes a field and its attributes. Attributes        of a field are those found in a standard relational database        system, such as the data type, whether the field relates to one        in a different table, the need to index the field, and so on.

In addition to these XML tags, virtual machine software 24 may, fromtime to time, need to perform certain administrative functions on behalfof a user. In order to do this, one of object classes 69 has its ownrepertoire of tags to intercommunicate with the middleware server 44.Such tags differ from the previous three groupings in that they do notform part of an application definition file, but are solely used foradministrative communications between the virtual machine software 24and the middleware server 44. Data packages using these tags arecomposed and sent due to user interactions with the virtual machine'sconfiguration screens. The tags used for this include:

-   -   REG—this allows the application to register and deregister a        user for use with the middleware server    -   FINDAPPS—by using this operation, users can interrogate the        server for the list of applications that are available to them    -   APP REG—using this operation, the end-user can register (or        deregister) for an application and have the application        interface downloaded automatically to their device (or remove        the interface description from the device's local storage).    -   SETACTIVE—If the users preferred device is malfunctioning, or        out of power or coverage, they will need a mechanism to tell the        Server to attempt delivery to a different device. The SETACTIVE        command allows the user to set the device that they are        currently using as their active one    -   PING—this XML element is used by the middleware server 44 to        query a mobile device as to its operational status. It is        described in greater detail later in the application.

Referring again generally to the manner in which execution ofserver-based applications at mobile devices is facilitated, FIG. 5illustrates the organization of application definitions at middlewareserver 44 and how middleware server 44 may form an applicationdefinition file 28 (FIG. 4) for a given device 10, 30, 32 or 34. In theillustration of FIG. 5, only two mobile devices 10 and 30 areconsidered. Typically, since network transactions and local data are thesame across devices, the only piece of the application definition thatvaries for different devices is the user interface definition.

So, middleware server 44 stores a master definition 58 for a givenserver side application. This master definition 58 contains example userinterface descriptions 48, 54, 56 for each possible type of mobiledevice 10, 30, 32; descriptions of the network transactions 50 that arepossible and data descriptions 52 of the data to be stored locally onthe mobile device. Preferably, the network transactions 50 and datadescriptions 52 will be the same for all mobile devices 10, 30 and 32.

For device 10, middleware server 44 composes an application definitionfile 28 by querying the device type and adding an appropriate userinterface description 48 for device 10 to the definitions for thenetwork transactions 50 and the data 52. For device 30, middlewareserver 44 composes the application definition by adding the userinterface description 54 for device 10 to the definitions for thenetwork transactions 50 and data 52.

The master definition 58 for a given application is created away fromthe middleware server and loaded onto the middleware server byadministrative staff charged with its operation. Master definition filescould be created either by use of a simple text editor, or by agraphical file generation tool. Such a tool might generate part or allof the file, using knowledge of the XML formatting rules, based on theusers interaction with screen painters, graphical data definition toolsand the like. It will be appreciated that the master definition file 58is an XML data instance which conforms to a predefined XML schemareferenced above

FIG. 6 illustrates the organization of middleware server 44 andassociated master definitions. Middleware server 44 may be anyconventional application server, modified to function in mannersexemplary of the present invention. As such, middleware server 44includes a processor 60, in communication with a network interface 66and storage memory 64. Middleware server 44 may be, for example, aWindows 2000 server, a Sun Solaris server, or the like. Memory ofmiddleware server 44 stores an operating system such as Windows 2000, orSolaris operating system software 62.

Network interface 66 enables middleware server 44 to transmit andreceive data over a data network 63. Transmissions are used tocommunicate with both the virtual machine software 24 (via the wirelessnetworks 36, 38 and wireless gateways 40,42) and one or more applicationservers, such as application server 70, that are the end recipients ofdata sent from the mobile client applications and the generators of datathat is sent to the mobile client applications.

Memory at middleware server 44 further stores software 68, exemplary ofan embodiment of the present invention. Middleware server software 68,when executed by middleware server 44 enables the middleware server tounderstand and compose XML data packages that are sent and received bythe middleware server. These packages may be exchanged betweenmiddleware server 44 and the virtual machine software 24, or between themiddleware server 44 and the application server 70. Middleware serversoftware 68 may be loaded from a machine-readable medium.

As described above, communication between the application server 70 andthe middleware server 44 can, in an exemplary embodiment, use HTTPrunning on top of a standard TCP/IP stack; however this is not arequirement. An HTTP connection between a running application at theapplication server 70 and the middleware server 44 is established inresponse to the application at a mobile device presenting theapplication. The server side application provides output to middlewareserver 44 over this connection. The server side application data isformatted into appropriate XML data packages understood by the virtualmachine software 24 at a mobile device by the server side application.

That is, a server side application (or an interface portion of theapplication) formats application output into XML in a manner consistentwith the format defined by the application definition file for theapplication. Alternatively, an interface component separate from theapplication could easily be formed with an understanding of the formatand output for a particular application. That is, with a knowledge ofthe format of data provided and expected by an application atapplication server 70, an interface component could be a produced usingtechniques readily understood by those of ordinary skill. The interfaceportion could translate application output to XML, as expected bymiddleware server 44. Similarly, the interface portion may translate XMLinput from a mobile device into a format understood by the server sideapplication.

The particular identity of the mobile device on which the application isto be presented may be identified by a suitable identifier, in the formof a header contained in the server side application output. This headermay be used by middleware server 44 to forward the data to theappropriate mobile device. Alternatively, the identity of the connectioncould be used to forward the data to the appropriate mobile device.

FIG. 7 illustrates a sequence diagram detailing data (application dataor application definition files 28) flow between mobile device 10 andmiddleware server 44, in manners exemplary of an embodiment of thepresent invention.

For data requested from middleware server 44, device 10, under softwarecontrol by virtual machine software 24 makes requests to middlewareserver 44 (also illustrated in FIG. 2), which passes over the wirelessnetwork 36 through network gateway 40. Network gateway 40 passes therequest to the middleware server 44. Middleware server 44 responds byexecuting a database query on its database 46 that finds whichapplications are available to the user and the user's mobile device. Fordata passed from middleware server 44 to device 10, data is routedthrough network gateway 40. Network gateway 40 forwards the informationto the user's mobile device over the wireless network 36.

FIG. 7 when considered with FIG. 3 illustrates a sequence ofcommunications between device 10, and middleware server 44 that mayoccur when the user of a mobile device wishes to download an applicationdefinition file 28 for a server side application.

So, initially, device 10 interrogates server 44 to determine whichapplications are available for the particular mobile device being used.This may be accomplished by the user instructing the virtual machinesoftware 24 at device 10 to interrogate the server 44. Responsive tothese instructions the virtual machine software 24 sends an XML messageto the server requesting the list of applications (data flow 72); asillustrated in FIG. 7 the XML message may contain the <FINDAPPS> tag,signifying to the middleware server 44, its desire for a list availableapplication. In response, middleware server 44 makes a query to database46. Database 46, responsive to this query, returns a list ofapplications that are available to the user and the mobile device. Thelist is typically based, at least in part, on the type of mobile devicemaking the request, and the applications known to middleware server 44.Middleware server 44 converts this list to an XML message and sends tothe virtual machine (data flow 74). Again, a suitable XML tag identifiesthe message as containing the list of available applications.

In response, a user at device 10 may choose to register for an availableserver side application. When a user chooses to register for anapplication, virtual machine software 24 at device 10 composes and sendsan XML registration request for a selected application (data flow 76) tomiddleware server 44. As illustrated in FIG. 11, an XML messagecontaining a <REG> tag is sent to middleware server 44. The name of theapplication is specified in the message. The middleware server 44, inresponse, queries its database for the user interface definition for theselected application for the user's mobile device. Thereafter, themiddleware server creates the application definition file, as detailedwith reference to FIG. 5. Then, middleware server 44 sends to the mobiledevice (data flow 78—FIG. 7) the created application definition file 28.

The user is then able to use the functionality defined by the interfacedescription to send and receive data.

At this time, parser 61 of virtual machine software 24 may parse the XMLtext of the application definition file to form a tokenized version ofthe file. That is, each XML tag may be converted a defined token forcompact storage, and to minimize repeated parsing of the XML text file.The tokenized version of the application definition file may be storedfor immediate or later use by device 10. In this context, the term“tokenized” may refer to placement of the XML structure into binaryobjects, which is much like conversion of a script into byte code.

Thereafter, upon invocation of a particular application for which thedevice 10 has registered, the screen generation engine 67 of the virtualmachine software 24 at the device causes the virtual device to locatethe definition of an initial screen for that application. The initialscreen is identified within the application definition file 28 for thatapplication using a <SCREEN> tag, and an associated attribute of <Firstscreen=“yes”>.

Steps performed by virtual machine software 24 in processing a first orsubsequent screen are illustrated in FIG. 8. As illustrated, screengeneration engine 67, generates an instance of an object class, defininga screen by parsing the section of the XML application definition filecorresponding to the <SCREEN> tag in step S802. Supported screenelements may be buttons, edit boxes, menus, list boxes, and choiceitems, as identified in Appendix “A”. Other screen elements, such asimages and checkboxes, as detailed in Appendix “A” may also besupported. For clarity of illustration, their processing by screengeneration engine 67 however, is not detailed. Each supported tag underthe SCREEN definition section, in turn causes creation of instances ofobject classes within the virtual machine software 24. Typically,instances of objects corresponding to the tags, used for creation of ascreen, result in presentation of data at mobile device 10. As well thecreation of such objects may give rise to events (e.g. user interaction)and actions to be processed at device 10.

Each element definition causes virtual machine software 24 to use theoperating system of the mobile device to create corresponding displayelement of a graphical user interface as more particularly illustratedin FIG. 9. Specifically, for each element, the associated XML definitionis read in step S806, S816, S826, S836, and S846, and a correspondinginstance of a screen object defined as part of the virtual machinesoftware 24 is created by the virtual machine software 24 in steps S808,S818, S828, S838 and S848, in accordance with steps S902 and onwardillustrated in FIG. 9. Each interface object instance is created in stepS902. Each instance takes as attribute values defined by the XML textassociated with the element. A method of the virtual machine object isfurther called in step S904, and causes a corresponding device operatingsystem object to be created. Those attributes defined in the XML textfile, stored within the virtual machine object instance are applied tothe corresponding instance of a display object created using the deviceoperating system in steps S908S-S914. These steps are repeated for allattributes of the virtual machine object instance. For any elementallowing user interaction, giving rise to an operating system event, theevent handler 65 of virtual machine software 24 is registered to processoperating system events, as detailed below.

Additionally, for each event (as identified by an <EVENT> tag) andaction (as identified by an <ACTION> tag) associated with each XMLelement, virtual machine software 24 creates an instance of acorresponding event and action object forming part of virtual machinesoftware 24. Virtual machine software 24 further maintains a listidentifying each instance of each event and action object, and anassociated identifier of an event in steps S916 to S928.

Steps S902-S930 are repeated for each element of the screen in stepsS808, S818, S828, S838 and S848 as illustrated in FIG. 8. All elementsbetween the <SCREEN> definition tags are so processed. After the entirescreen has been so created in memory, it is displayed in step S854,using conventional techniques.

As will be appreciated, objects are specific to the type of deviceexecuting the virtual machine software 24. Functions initiated as aresult of the XML description may require event handling. This eventhandling is processed by event handler 65 of virtual machine software 24in accordance with the application definition file 28. Similarly,receipt of data from a mobile network will give rise to events. Eventhandler 65, associated with a particular application presented at thedevice similarly processes incoming messages for that particularapplication. In response to the events, virtual machine software 24creates instance of software objects, and calls functions of thoseobject instances, as required by the definitions contained within theXML definitions contained within the application definition file 28,giving rise to the event.

As noted, the virtual machine software 24 includes object classes,allowing the virtual machine to create object instances corresponding toan <EVENT> tag. The event object classes includes methods specific tothe mobile device that allow the device to process each of the definedXML descriptions contained within the application definition file, andalso to process program/event flow resulting from the processing of eachXML description.

Events may be handled by virtual machine software 24 as illustrated inFIG. 10. Specifically, as device handler 65 has been registered with theoperating system for created objects, upon occurrence of an event, stepsS1002 and onward are performed in response to the operating systemdetecting an event.

An identifier of the event is passed to event handler 65 in step S1002.In steps S1004-S1008, this identifier is compared to the known list ofevents, created as a result of steps S916-S930. For an identified event,actions associated with that event are processed in step S1008-S1014.

That is, virtual machine software 24 performs the action defined as aresult of the <ACTION> tag associated with the <EVENT> tag correspondingto the event giving rise to processing by the event handler 65. The<ACTION> may cause creation of a new screen, as defined by a screen tag,a network transmission, a local storage, or the like.

New screens, in turn, are created by invocation of the screen generationengine 61, as detailed in FIGS. 8 and 9. In this manner the navigationthrough the screens of the application is accomplished according to thedefinition embodied in the XML application definition.

Similarly, when the user wishes to communicate with the middlewareserver, or store data locally, event handler 65 creates instances ofcorresponding object classes within the object classes 69 of virtualmachine software 24 and calls their methods to store or transmit thedata using the local device operating system. The format of data isdefined by the device local definition section 52; the format of networkpackages is defined in the network transaction package definitionsection 50.

For example, data that is to be sent to the wireless network isassembled into the correct XML packages using methods within an XMLbuilder object, formed as a result of creating an instance of acorresponding object class within object classes 69 of virtual machinesoftware 24. Methods of the XML builder object create a full XML packagebefore passing the completed XML package to another message serverobject. The message server object uses the device's network APIs totransmits the assembled data package across the wireless network.

Received XML data packages from network 63 (FIG. 2) give rise to eventsprocessed by event handler 65. Processing of the receipt of datapackages is not specifically illustrated in FIG. 9. However, the receiptof data triggers a “data” event of the mobile device's operating system.This data event is passed to the virtual machine, and event handler 65inspects the package received. As long as the data received is a validXML data package as contained within the application definition, thevirtual machine inspects the list of recognised XML entities.

So, for example, a user could send a login request 80 by interactingwith an initial login screen, defined in the application definition filefor the application. This would be passed by the middleware server 44 tothe backend application server 70. The backend application serveraccording to the logic embedded within its application, would return aresponse, which the middleware server 44 would pass to the virtualmachine software 24. Other applications, running on the same or otherapplication servers might involve different interactions, the nature ofsuch interactions being based upon the functionality and logic embeddedwithin the application server 70.

FIG. 12 illustrates sample XML messages passed as the result of messageflows illustrated in FIG. 6. For each message, the header portion,between the <HEAD> . . . </HEAD> tags contains a timestamp and theidentifier of the sending device.

Example message 72 is sent by the mobile device to request the list ofapplications that the server has available to that user on that device.It specifies the type of device by a text ID contained between the<PLATFORM> . . . </PLATFORM> tags. Example message 74 is sent inresponse to message 70 by middleware server 44 to the mobile device 10.It contains a set of <APP> . . . </APP> tag pairs, each of whichidentifying a single application that is available to the user at device10. Example message 76 is sent from the mobile device 10 to middlewareserver 44 to register for a single server side application. The tagsspecify information about the user. Message 78 is sent by the middlewareserver 44 to the mobile device in response to a request to registerdevice 10 for an application. The pair of tags <VALUE> . . . </VALUE>gives a code indicating success or failure. In the sample message shown,a success is shown, and is followed by the interface description for theapplication, contained between the <INTERFACE> . . . </INTERFACE> tags.This interface description may then be stored locally within memory 16of device 10.

As noted, when a user starts an application that has been downloaded inthe manner described above, the virtual machine software 24 reads theinterface description that was downloaded for that device 10, and thevirtual machine software 24 identifies the screen that should bedisplayed on startup, and displays its elements as detailed in relationto FIGS. 9 and 10. The user may then use the functionality defined bythe user interface definition section 48 of the application definition28 to send and receive data from a server side application.

In the event that an error should occur which interferes with normalapplication operation at a mobile device such as mobile device 10, whicherror may manifest itself in the display of erroneous information at themobile device or in a failure of the mobile device to respond to stimulifor example, a user at the mobile device will likely wish to ascertainthe cause of the problem with a view to rectifying the problem. In thissituation, the user of the mobile device may notify a systemadministrator at the middleware server 44 (e.g. by telephone or emailfrom a different computing device) so that the administrator may takesteps to assess the operational status of the mobile device on theuser's behalf. Alternatively, the system administrator may simply wishto assess the status of all or some of the mobile devices which areexecuting server-side applications, regardless of whether they arecurrently experiencing errors, for statistical purposes.

In either case, the system administrator may interact with themiddleware server software 68 so as to cause the middleware server to“ping” the relevant mobile device to solicit operational statusinformation from the device. Two types of “pings” may exist in anexemplary embodiment. The first type of “ping” is simply an “are youalive” query which either results in a response in the affirmative (ifthe device is active) or no response (if the device is inactive). Thesecond type of “ping” is a request for device statistics which resultsin a response containing various forms of device statistics from therelevant mobile device, as described in greater detail below, or noresponse (if the device is inactive).

For the first type of ping, a message having the format 1300 illustratedin FIG. 13 may be generated and enqueued for transmission to the mobiledevice. The message priority may be set sufficiently high so that themessage will be sent before all other messages that are queued fortransmission to the device. The message may be received by the devicethrough normal device push or pull, depending on how the device isconfigured.

The administrator's actions may initially cause a new database tableTBLMOBILEREQUESTS to be created at the middleware server 44, with thefollowing fields:

-   -   IngMobileID integer,    -   dtmLastPingRequest datetime,    -   dtmLastPingResponse datetime,    -   dtmLastStatisticsRequest datetime,    -   dtmLastStatisticsResponse datetime,    -   varStatisticsResponse memo

If there is no record for the relevant mobile device having theMobileID, one may be inserted into the table, initialized with thecurrent time (e.g. in UTC) in dtmLastPingRequest. The rest of the fieldsmay be null. If there is a record for the current MobileID,dtmLastPingRequest may be set to the current time (e.g. in UTC), anddtmLastPingResponse will be set to null. The other fields need not beupdated.

If the record in TBLMOBILEREQUESTS cannot be created/updated for somereason, it may be desirable to notify the system administrator atmiddleware server 44 of same, e.g., via a message box, and to abort theprocess without enqueueing a message for transmission. If the messagecannot be queued for any reason, it may be desirable to notify theadministrator that the ping could not be queued.

The middleware server 44 handles the response to the ping message fromthe mobile device. The server 44 may stamp the time the response isreceived into the ping record.

When the ping response is received, the database table TBLMOBILEREQUESTSmay be updated for the responding MobileID. The fielddtmLastPingResponse may be set to the current date and time (e.g. inUTC). If the record in TBLMOBILEREQUESTS cannot be updated, an error maybe written to an error log. Administrator notification of the receipt ofa ping response does not necessarily occur automatically.

The ping response may be viewable by the system administrator using themiddleware server software 68. The dtmLastPingRequest anddtmLastPingResponse fields may be read from the table TBLMOBILEREQUESTS.A screen may be displayed (e.g. may pop up), containing these twodate/times, formatted using the current time zone and localeinformation. The screen may contain a “Refresh” button, which willretrieve the current values from the table.

If there is no record for the current mobile device, or it cannot beretrieved, the fields may be displayed as being empty.

The system administrator may be required to manually refresh the screenuntil the ping response is retrieved. However, the administrator may beable to watch an outgoing queue for that device to determine when thedevice receives the ping.

At the mobile device side, when a “simple” ping request has beenreceived, the device immediately formats, queues, and sends a pingresponse, which may have the format 1400 of FIG. 14, indicating simplythat the device is “alive”. The response priority may be set to a highpriority, so that the response will be sent ahead of any other messages.If no entry can be created in the queue for the ping response, an errormay be written to an error log. As well, if the message cannot be sentimmediately, it may be queued for transmission whenever a connectionbecomes available.

For the second type of “ping”, i.e. request for device statistics, ifthere is no record for the current MobileID in the database table at themiddleware server 44, one may be inserted and initialized with thecurrent time (e.g. in UTC) in the dtmLastStatisticsRequest field. Therest of the fields may be null. If there is a record for the currentMobileID, the dtmLastStatisticsRequest field may be set to the currenttime, and the dtmLastStatisticsResponse and varStatisticsResponse fieldsmay be set to null. The other fields may remain unaltered.

Following the table update, a message with the format 1500 illustratedin FIG. 15 may be enqueued for transmission. The priority of thismessage may be set to high, so that it is queued ahead of any existingmessages. The message may then be received by the device through normaldevice push or pull, depending on how the mobile device is configured.Also, if the record in TBLMOBILEREQUESTS cannot be created/updated, itmay be desirable to notify the administrator and to abort the processwithout queueing the message for transmission. Similarly, if the messagecannot be queued for any reason, it may be desired to notify theadministrator.

When the ping response is received from the mobile device, theTBLMOBILEREQUESTS database table may be updated for the respondingMobileID. The field dtmLastStatisticsResponse may be set to the currentdate and time, and varStatisticsResponse may be filled with the text ofthe <PINGRESP> tag. If the record in TBLMOBILEREQUESTS cannot beupdated, an error may be written to the error log.

The ping response may be viewable by the system administrator from usingthe middleware server software 68. The dtmLastStatisticsRequest,dtmLastStatisticsResponse and varStatisticsResponse fields may be readfrom the table TBLMOBILEREQUESTS. A screen may be displayed (e.g. maypop up), containing these two date/times, formatted using the currenttime zone and locale information. The screen may contain a scrollablememo box for displaying the response text and a “Refresh” button, whichwill retrieve the current values from the table.

As before, if there is no record for the current mobile device, or itcannot be retrieved, the fields may be displayed as empty. It is notedthat administrator notification of the receipt of a ping response doesnot necessarily occur automatically. The system administrator may berequired to manually refresh the screen until the ping response isretrieved. However, the administrator may be able to watch an outgoingqueue for that device to determine when the device receives the ping.

At the mobile device side, when a statistics “ping” request has beenreceived, the device immediately formats, queues, and sends a statisticsresponse, including the following statistics retrieved from the device:

Virtual Machine (also Referred to as “Smart Client”) Configuration

-   -   Send/Receive Interval    -   Other Intervals    -   Server Address    -   Notifications

Virtual Machine Diagnostics

-   -   Virtual Machine Version    -   List of last 10 errors that occurred on the device    -   Top 3 messages in the transaction queue (text)    -   Number of queued messages    -   Registered Application ID's    -   Currently open screen

Device Information

-   -   Make & Model    -   Battery Remaining    -   Memory Free    -   Current Network    -   PIN Number    -   Operating System Version    -   Current Date/Time

It will be appreciated that the set of statistics that is sent may bedifferent from the set of statistics described above in alternativeembodiments. The response priority may be set to high, so that theresponse will be sent ahead of any other messages.

The statistics response may have the format 1600 of FIG. 16. Dependingon the nature of the reported statistics, it may be desired to pass the<PINGRESP> through an XML formatter to replace any illegal XMLcharacters.

The retrieval of the requested statistics may be performed in thefollowing way on the devices:

Smart Client (i.e. Virtual Machine) Configuration

-   -   Send/Receive Interval—from tblOptions    -   Other Intervals—from tblOptions    -   Server Address—from tblOptions    -   Notifications—from tblOptions

Smart Client Diagnostics

-   -   Smart Client Version—from constant ASC_VERSION    -   List of last 10 errors that occurred on the device—stored in        table tblErrorLog    -   Top 3 messages in the transaction queue (text)—from        tblMessageQueue    -   Number of queued messages—count records in tblMessageQueue    -   Registered Application ID's—count registered applications from        tblApplications    -   Currently open screen—use Name property of current instance of        AIRIXScreen

Device Information (RIM)

-   -   Make & Model—RadioInfo.getNetworkType( )—NETWORK_GPRS        (7200/6710/6200/5810), NETWORK_CDMA (6750), NETWORK_IDEN (6510)    -   Battery Remaining—DeviceInfo.getBatteryLevel( )    -   Memory Free—MemoryStats.getFree( )    -   Current Network—RadioInfo.getNetworkType( )    -   PIN Number—DeviceInfo.getDeviceId( )    -   Operating System Version—DeviceInfo.getOSVersion( )    -   Current Date/Time—Calendar.getInstance( )

Device Information (PPC)

-   -   Make & Model—SystemParamatersInfo(SPI_GETOEMINFO)    -   Battery Remaining—GetSystemPowerStatusEx( )    -   Memory Free—GetDiskFreeSpaceEx( )    -   Current Network—vendor specific    -   PIN Number—vendor specific    -   Operating System Version—    -   SystemParametersInfo(SPI_GETPLATFORMTYPE)    -   Current Date/Time—GetLocalTime( )

Device Information (Palm)

To be determined

If no entry can be created in the queue for the device statisticsresponse, an error may be written to an error log. As well, if themessage cannot be sent immediately, it may be queued for transmissionwhenever a connection becomes available.

It will be understood that the invention is not limited to theembodiments described herein which are merely illustrative of apreferred embodiment of carrying out the invention, and which issusceptible to modification of form, arrangement of parts, steps,details and order of operation. The invention, rather, is intended toencompass all such modification within its scope, as defined by theclaims.

1. A method performed by a server in communication with a wirelesscommunication device, the method comprising: sending a query message tosaid wireless communication device to solicit operational statusinformation regarding execution of a particular application at thewireless communication device, the particular application associatedwith an application definition file that defines a format of data flowmessages to be transmitted between the particular application and aserver-side application; and receiving a response message from saidwireless communication device with the operational status information,wherein the operational status information includes diagnosticinformation regarding execution of the particular application at thewireless communication device.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein thediagnostic information indicates a quantity of data flow messages queuedby the wireless communication device.
 3. The method of claim 1 whereinsaid diagnostic information includes an indication of most frequentmessages in a transaction queue of the wireless communication device. 4.The method of claim 1 wherein said diagnostic information includes anindication of a user interface screen that is currently displayed atsaid wireless communication device.
 5. The method of claim 1 whereinsaid diagnostic information includes configuration information about avirtual machine software executing at said wireless communicationdevice.
 6. A server comprising a processor and memory in communicationwith said processor storing machine-executable code adapting said serverto: send a query message to said wireless communication device tosolicit operational status information regarding execution of aparticular application at the wireless communication device, theparticular application associated with an application definition filethat defines a format of data flow messages to be transmitted betweenthe particular application and a server-side application; and receive aresponse message from said wireless communication device with theoperational status information, wherein the operational statusinformation includes diagnostic information regarding execution of theparticular application at the wireless communication device.
 7. Theserver of claim 6 wherein the diagnostic information includes one ormore of a quantity of data flow messages queued by the wirelesscommunication device, an indication of most frequent messages in atransaction queue of the wireless communication device, an indication ofa user interface screen that is currently displayed at said wirelesscommunication device, or configuration information about a virtualmachine software executing at said wireless communication device.
 8. Amethod performed by a wireless communication device capable of executinga particular application associated with a server-side application, themethod comprising: executing a particular application at the wirelesscommunication device in accordance with an application definition filefor defining functionality associated with a server-side application,the application definition further defining a format of data flowmessages to be transmitted between the particular application and theserver-side application; receiving a query message solicitingoperational status information regarding execution of the particularapplication at the wireless communication device; and sending a responsemessage from said wireless communication device to an originator of saidquery message, wherein the response message includes diagnosticinformation about said wireless communication device, the diagnosticinformation regarding execution of the particular application at thewireless communication device.
 9. The method of claim 8 wherein saidresponse message is an eXtensible Markup Language (XML) message.
 10. Themethod of claim 9, further comprising verifying that a textualoperational status description forming part of said response messageomits illegal XML characters.
 11. The method of claim 10 wherein saidverifying comprises passing said textual operational status descriptionthrough an XML formatter for removal of any illegal XML characters. 12.The method of claim 8 wherein the diagnostic information indicates aquantity of data flow messages queued by the wireless communicationdevice.
 13. The method of claim 8 wherein said diagnostic informationincludes an indication of most frequent messages in a transaction queueof the wireless communication device.
 14. The method of claim 8 whereinsaid diagnostic information includes an indication of a user interfacescreen that is currently displayed at said wireless communicationdevice.
 15. The method of claim 8 wherein said diagnostic informationincludes configuration information about a virtual machine softwareexecuting at said wireless communication device.
 16. The method of claim8, further comprising: preparing said diagnostic information; andcomposing the response message to include said diagnostic information.17. A mobile wireless communication device comprising a processor andmemory in communication with said processor storing machine-executablecode adapting said device to: execute a particular application at thewireless communication device in accordance with an applicationdefinition file for defining functionality associated with a server-sideapplication, the application definition further defining a format ofdata flow messages to be transmitted between the particular applicationand the server-side application; receive a query message solicitingoperational status information regarding execution of the particularapplication at the wireless communication device; and send a responsemessage from said wireless communication device to an originator of saidquery message, wherein the response message includes diagnosticinformation about said wireless communication device, the diagnosticinformation regarding execution of the particular application at thewireless communication device.
 18. The wireless communication device ofclaim 17 wherein the diagnostic information includes one or more of aquantity of data flow messages queued by the wireless communicationdevice, an indication of most frequent messages in a transaction queueof the wireless communication device, an indication of a user interfacescreen that is currently displayed at said wireless communicationdevice, or configuration information about a virtual machine softwareexecuting at said wireless communication device.
 19. The wirelesscommunication device of claim 17 wherein said machine-executable codefurther adapts said device to: prepare said diagnostic information; andcompose the response message to include said diagnostic information.